异常处理
用throw 语句抛出一个异常并且用try...catch 语句捕获处理它
异常类型
JavaScript可以抛出任意对象。但是通常用下列其中一种异常类型来创建目标更为高效
- ECMAScript exceptions
- DOMException
- nsIXPCException (XPConnect)
抛出语句
throw expression;
下面的代码抛出了几个不同类型的表达式
throw "Error2"; // String type
throw 42; // Number type
throw true; // Boolean type
throw {toString: function() { return "I'm an object!"; } };
你可以在抛出异常时声明一个对象。那你就可以在捕捉块中查询到对象的属性。下面的例子创建了一个UserException类型的对象myUserException用在抛出语句中。
// Create an object type UserException
function UserException (message){
this.message=message;
this.name="UserException";
}
// Make the exception convert to a pretty string when used as
// a string (e.g. by the error console)
UserException.prototype.toString = function (){
return this.name + ': "' + this.message + '"';
}
// Create an instance of the object type and throw it
throw new UserException("Value too high");
try...catch 语句
下面的例子使用try...catch语句,其中的一个函数用于从一个数组中根据传递值来获取一个月份名称。如果该值与月份数值不相符,会抛出一个带有"InvalidMonthNo"值的异常,然后在捕捉块语句中设monthName变量为unknown
function getMonthName(mo) {
mo = mo - 1; // Adjust month number for array index (1 = Jan, 12 = Dec)
var months = ["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul",
"Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"];
if (months[mo]) {
return months[mo];
} else {
throw "InvalidMonthNo"; //throw keyword is used here
}
}
try { // statements to try
monthName = getMonthName(myMonth); // function could throw exception
}
catch (e) {
monthName = "unknown";
logMyErrors(e); // pass exception object to error handler -> your own function
}
捕捉块
catch (catchID) {
statements
}
捕捉块指定了一个标识符 (上述语句中的catchID)来存放抛出语句指定的值;你可以用这个标识符来获取抛出的异常信息
当异常出现时跳到捕捉块
try {
throw "myException" // generates an exception
}
catch (e) {
// statements to handle any exceptions
logMyErrors(e) // pass exception object to error handler
}
终结块
用终结块来令你的脚本在异常发生时优雅地退出
openMyFile();
try {
writeMyFile(theData); //This may throw a error
}catch(e){
handleError(e); // If we got a error we handle it
}finally {
closeMyFile(); // always close the resource
}
如果终结块返回一个值,该值会是整个try-catch-finally流程的返回值
function f() {
try {
console.log(0);
throw "bogus";
} catch(e) {
console.log(1);
return true; // this return statement is suspended
// until finally block has completed
console.log(2); // not reachable
} finally {
console.log(3);
return false; // overwrites the previous "return"
console.log(4); // not reachable
}
// "return false" is executed now
console.log(5); // not reachable
}
f(); // console 0, 1, 3; returns false
错误匹配对象
'name'提供了常规的错误类(e.g., 'DOMException' or 'Error')
'message'通常提供了一条从错误对象转换成字符串的简明信息
function doSomethingErrorProne () {
if (ourCodeMakesAMistake()) {
throw (new Error('The message'));
} else {
doSomethingToGetAJavascriptError();
}
}
....
try {
doSomethingErrorProne();
}
catch (e) {
console.log(e.name); // logs 'Error'
console.log(e.message); // logs 'The message' or a JavaScript error message)
}
阅读资料:https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide
复习方式:实践(代码写一次、跑一次、测试一次),不懂的地方谷歌,阅读和做笔记
底线原则:宁可重写一次,也不复制粘贴
本次复习内容有:异常处理
复习耗时:大概2小时···我也不知道为什么这么久···
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